M.M. Goldsmith, "Liberty, Virtue and the Rule of Law", ed. David Wootton, Republicanism, Liberty and Commercial Society, 1649-1776, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1994.
For Montesquieu, as for Mandeville and Hume, republican virtue is obsolete. It is only appropriate to an earlier stage of history. Liberty becomes what the law permits and those rights which the laws provide; political participation is no longer essential. Nevertheless it must not be supposed that advocacy of republican liberty disappeared. [225]
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